| Session: | Accelerators & Experiments 2 / LHC 1 |
| Chairman: | Enrico Cennini |
| Secretary: | Isabel Bejar-Alonso |
| Duration of session : | 90 min. (presentations 60 min., discussions 30 min.) |
| SPS Access Control System: a New User Interface |
| Abstract
This document describes the project to implement at CERN new trends in industrial control systems and integrate new requirements and functions requested by users. This project will be the testing ground for the specification of procedures in the Access Control and Machine Interlock of LHC. The last modification in the Access Control System to the primary beam areas was made in 1995, and this new project is to improve the fields of personal security, access security and the introduction of modern communication networks used in the industrial control systems. Inside the cycle model of project life, it is at the present time in the test phase in terms of security and exploitation inside the Accelerator Decelerator (AD) project. The presence of Authorization Management System (AMS) to guarantee the automatic information distribution of authorizations to controlled areas is in line with this project. |
| An Overview of New Video Techniques |
| Abstract
Current video transmission and distribution systems at CERN use a variety of analogue techniques which are several decades old. It will soon be necessary to replace this obsolete equipment, and the opportunity therefore exists to rationalize the diverse systems now in place. New standards for digital transmission and distribution are now emerging. This paper gives an overview of these new standards and of the underlying technology common to many of them. The paper reviews Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), the Motion Picture Experts Group specifications (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, and MPEG7), videoconferencing standards (H.261 etc.), and packet video systems, together with predictions of the penetration of these standards into the consumer market. The digital transport mechanisms now available (IP, SDH, ATM) are also reviewed, and the implication of widespread adoption of these systems on video transmission and distribution is analysed. |
| Options for LHC Safety Alarm Transmission |
| Abstract
The LHC safety-alarm system needs, for reliability reasons, two different media to transmit the alarms to the CERN Safety Control Room. This is a requirement of the French regulatory authority (Direction de Sûreté des Installations Nucléaires de Base). This paper examines the safety systems currently in use at CERN, with particular emphasis on the methods used for transmission of alarm information across the site. The general requirements for transmission of alarms are described. Several options for transmission of LHC safety-alarm information are compared: fieldbuses, telecommunications networks with analogue voice or ISDN lines, the time-division multiplex system, and packet switching ‘mesh’ networks. The reliability of each of these solutions is estimated, and different topologies for physical links described and compared. It is shown that options are available which give an accepted level of reliability, obviating the need for hard-wired connections. |
| Distributed Control Software for High Performance Control Loop Algorithm |
| Abstract
The majority of industrial cooling and ventilation plants require the control of complex processes. All these processes are highly important for the operation of the machines. The stability and reliability of these processes are leading factors identifying the quality of the service provided. The control system architecture and software structure, as well, are required to have high dynamical performance and robust behaviour. The intelligent systems based on PID or RST controllers are used for their high level of stability and accuracy. The design and tuning of these complex controllers require the dynamic model of the plant to be known (generally obtained by identification) and the desired performance of the various control loops to be specified for achieving good performances. The concept of having a distributed control algorithm software provides full automation facilities with well-adapted functionality and good performances, giving methodology, means and tools to master the dynamic process optimization and achieve the required real-time performances. |
| Tests de Réception des Tours de Réfrigération |
| Abstract
Dans le cadre du projet LHC, les premiers équipements de refroidissement installés, seront des tours de réfrigération de grande puissance. Contrairement à d’autres matériels construits en grande série, ces équipements, tours et stations de pompage associées sont à créer sur mesure. Différentes normalisations permettent de concevoir, de construire et de tester ces réalisations. L’ensemble des tests de réception ne peut avoir lieu avant l’achèvement complet de l’installation, de plus, ces essais sont rarement réalisés à charge nominale. Des défaillances potentielles, liées aux études ou à la réalisation, peuvent apparaître après la période de garantie. Le but de ce document est de présenter les différentes méthodes imposées par le CERN au niveau des cahiers des charges. Cela permettra la vérification des valeurs garanties par les constructeurs et de suivre l’évolution des critères de performances à long terme. |
| LEP |
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